A | 这种知识有助于验证对核子（质子和中子）如何形成的科学理解，方法是将结果与核子的伽马射线散射的理论描述进行比较。 Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev has raised his nation’s flag over the capital city of a former breakaway region in a ceremony reaffirming Baku’s control over it.The Azerbaijani leader delivered a speech and raised the flag over the city, which is known as Khankendi by Azerbaijan and Stepanakert by Armenians, the presidential office said Sunday.The Karabakh region, which was previously known as Nagorno-Karabakh and is known to Armenians as Artsakh, is internationally recognized as Azerbaijani territory, but became a breakaway state under the control of ethnic Armenian forces in 1994 following a six-year conflict.A subsequent war in 2020 returned control of much of the area to Azerbaijan, until a lightning offensive last month forced separatists to relinquish the rest of the region.In a 24-hour campaign that began on Sept. 19, the Azerbaijani army routed the area’s undermanned and outgunned ethnic Armenian forces, forcing them to capitulate.The majority of the area’s ethnic Armenian population later fled the region, fearing reprisals or losing the freedom to practice their religion and customs.。
B | 物理学家称这种散射过程为核子康普顿散射。当科学家在电磁反应占主导地位的距离和规模上检查质子时，他们可以高精度地确定电磁极化率的值。为了做到这一点，他们使用有效场理论（EFT）的理论框架。
C | EFT有希望将低能量下的核子结构描述与当前的强核力理论（称为量子色动力学，QCD）相匹配。在这项研究中，科学家们利用质子康普顿散射验证了EFT。这种方法也验证了支撑EFT的框架和方法。质子康普顿散射是科学家从氢目标（在本例中是液体目标）散射圆偏振或线偏振伽马射线，然后测量散射伽马射线的角度分布的过程。高能伽马射线携带足够强的电磁场，使核子中的电荷和电流的反应变得很重要。在这项研究中，科学家们在三角大学核实验室的高强度伽马射线源（HIGS）对质子的康普顿散射进行了新的测量。这项工作为使用偏振伽马射线在低能量下的质子的康普顿散射提供了一种新的实验方法。
D | 该研究推进了在HIGS进行新的高精度测量的需要，以提高质子和中子偏振率测定的准确性。
E | 这些测量验证了将核子的低能描述与QCD联系起来的理论。
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